How will the universe end? ?? a question that we'll find an answer to in this blog. For understanding the death of the "infinity" firstly we will need to understand that what is space, time, dark matter, and dark energy. We will go deep in the understandings of these terms.
Space:-
I'm not gonna explain space as something that fills even vacuums and voids in the universe and provides "space" to everything in existence. Nothing in this universe is an actual "void" . We will talk about the great voids in some other blog. Space "might be" a result of a fault during the Big Bang. Big Bang was a two-time blast. The first was "the expansion of the sudden energy that appeared during the big bang " and the second was the "cosmic mutation which embarked the space-time system ." Space is the one that directs the motion of everything in the universe and maybe light too. Anything that has mass, has gravity and anything that has gravity bends space. This bending of space directs the motion of everything!! And space is not just "space" scientists proposed that space is itself an energy as space is the source for the most mysterious energy form called Dark Energy. Yes scientists, indeed propose that space is energy itself but the dark one.
Time:-
Like space Time too "might be" a result of cosmic mutation. A fault occurred during the big bang. There is a chance that other universe in the Multiverse may not have any "space or time". Same as its brother space, time too gets influenced by the ultimate force of "gravity". The best example is present on our home planet our Earth. Satellites in orbiting sphere of earth travel a few or a second in the future. If you go at the right top of the Empire state building and be there for at least 24 hrs i.e. a day, you will get 0.00000000001 times older than the person of the same age standing on the ground floor!!!!!!
This tells us the influence of gravity on Time. So what about a cosmic giant with no limits on its gravity?? How will the Black Holes manipulate time and space? Black Holes curve space till infinity and slows down time till it reaches the Future! !!
Weapons for extinction :-
There are two conditions out of three that can lead to the extinction of our universe. These conditions are - 1st condition is that gravity may win its battle against the mysterious force of expansion with the help of a certain unknown matter and the universe may ultimately collapse,- 2nd condition says that the mysterious force of expansion may win the battle with the help of a hypothetical form of space energy and the universe may ultimately expand endlessly, -3rd condition in simple terms is that the force of gravity and expansion may end up into a tie (fnet=0) and the universe may remain in the static state forever.
1. The Big Crunch Hypothesis:-
This was a leading theory about the end of the universe in the early 1960s. The theory is based on the 1st condition mentioned above.
Through this theory, scientists proposed that the force of gravity would win the battle against the force of expansion and the universe may recollapse into a dense hot ball containing everything. This theory was strongly believed by the scientists especially in the 1960s and this belief was even strengthened by the rise of the idea of dark matter (the certain matter) but this belief was ultimately crushed when in the year 1970 scientists calculated the rate of expansion of the universe. They expected that the rate of expansion must have slowed down because they assumed that there is nothing to accelerate the expansion rate or to even keep the rate constants against the ultimate force of gravity. Well, this was their thought but their all assumptions were ruined as when the two research Groups of NASA found that the rate of expansion has increased in the last 10 million yrs i.e. the universe was expanding even faster!!!
2. The Deep Freeze:-
This theory was stated after the failure of the big crunch theory. Its failure forced scientists to propose the existence of a mysterious energy that would help the force of expansion to win the battle against gravity. They named this mysterious energy as "Dark Energy". When they did further calculations to find the quantity of this "Dark Energy" in the universe, they found it to be a whopping 70%! !!!
This means the Dark Energy occupies approximately 70% of the universe, sharing a ratio of 35:5:1 with normal matter and Dark Matter. Now, after the complete change in the scenario and having Dark Energy at its back, now the force of expansion can very easily surpass the force of gravity and Dark Matter together. Scientists, having a good trust on this theory, now propose that rather than recollapsing the universe would continue to expand till infinity with a speed of light!!! This will result in the isolation of different galaxies into space, then the galaxies would fall apart, after that stars like red giants, our sun, and other stars that burn fuel faster will fall apart sooner than the stars who burn their fuel slowly such as the red glowing stars. The black holes would be the last survivors and will survive till the extreme end but they will to evaporate as there would be no fuel for these giants to eat.
there's another way through which the universe could die. Scientists propose that another cosmic mutation in the fabrics of space and time could lead to the transformation of the universe through a void expanding with the speed of light and destroying everything in its way to the transformation.
But for explaining the sure death of the universe scientists will first have to completely understand The nature, structure, variation in Dark Energy and Dark Matter until then all the theories above are nothing more than an assumption.
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